Systems designed for the historical asymmetric context will no longer be suitable and will have to be repurposed. The emergent battlefield will be a contested electromagnetic environment requiring adaptability across the battle network and intensive integration in order to exploit weaknesses in enemy networks and penetration points while protecting one’s own. Through such global efforts China is establishing strategic alliances together with a global technology infrastructure of satellites, undersea cables, and wireless networks that will support the capacity of its unmanned artificial intelligence–empowered system. 3 A consolidation of influence through infrastructural development in Central Asia and Africa, through the Belt and Road Initiative, as well as growing defense relationships in the Gulf region, with deepening ties with the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, are cases in point. This is augmented by not only a specific alignment with Russia, but also a deepening of infrastructural and financial ties with Pakistan (the world’s specialist in mini-nuclear weapons). For example, China was the source of most cited high-impact research papers on AI in 2018 and has demonstrated an efficient strategy of technological capacity appropriation and civil-military fusion to build advanced defense capabilities. The United States not only risks falling behind in the AI arms race but also is in danger of losing its commanding edge in commercial AI, where the Chinese government has committed vast amounts of capital to achieving dominance in AI applications across the economy.
China’s innovation on the military front is mirrored by its national commitment to achieving superiority in the civilian and commercial applications of AI systems. The competition in AI and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) marks the onset of the “7 th Military Revolution” and the states that integrate these advances first will have a prodigious military advantage.” 1 China has seized this moment, increasingly posing a risk to the historical technological advantage of the United States and destabilizing the foundations of modern warfare.Ĭhina has invested extensively in artificial intelligence and used significant aggressive covert and overt technological appropriation to rapidly revolutionize its military capabilities. The conduct of war is being fundamentally altered by the revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence (AI).
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